RFID

RFID (Radio-Frequency IDentification) is a dedicated short range wireless communication (DSRC) technology. It is the use of an object (typically referred to as an RFID tag) applied to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification and tracking using radio signals. Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader.

Radio-frequency identification contains interrogators (readers), and tags (labels).


Active RFID tags are powered by an internal battery and are typically read/write. It generates itself transmitted signals,

 

Passive RFID tags are batteryless and are typically read (tags will generally have their data permanently). Labels require an external source (from the reader signals) to obtain operating power generated and it reflected back into reader system using the same transmitted reader signal,

In RFID systems, the tags that hold the data are broken down into two different types:

There are a variety of groups defining standards and regulating the use of RFID, including: International Organization for Standardization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), ASTM International, DASH7 Alliance, and EPCglobal. (Refer to Regulation and standardization below.)


Several frequencies and standards of communication could be part of the same RFID system, the main one are:

  • ISO 18000-1: the vocabulary
  • ISO 18000-2: for frequencies of communications lower than 135 KHz
  • ISO 18000-3: for a functioning frequency of 13, 56 MHz
  • ISO 18000-4: for a frequency of 2, 45 GHz
  • ISO 18000-6: for frequencies included between 860 and 930 MHz
  • ISO 18000-7: for a functioning with 433 MHz


The CITC take part in the ISO standardization.  
RFID has many applications; for example:  Automotive (for anti-theft immobilizers and passive-entry systems), Animal Tracking (to meet export regulations and optimize livestock), Asset Tracking ( Hospitals and pharmacies meet tough product accountability),  Contactless Payments (payment card makers), Supply Chain (retailers have discovered that this technology can keep inventories at the optimal level).

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